The geometry of the model was obtained by processing DICOM data. A literature review has shown that the problems and research objectives that are addressed can be very diverse: authors pronounced a numerical knee model for verifying the mechanical processes in knee joint in case of arthroplasty. Recent studies, for the most part, suggest using the finite element method for numerical modeling of the knee. Numerical simulation techniques can help to save time and reduce the costs of investigations. In silico methods can help to analyze in more detail the consequences of soft tissue hardening and identify tendencies in their effect on the state of bone tissue, which cannot be tested by experimental methods. Deterioration of cartilage, in turn, disrupts the natural functionality of the entire joint, in particular, having a negative impact on bone tissue, which wears out more intensively due to the redistribution of loads. Recent studies have shown that in cases of OA and other degenerative soft tissue diseases, the stiffness of cartilage decreases. Patient-specific finite element models, simulating clinical changes in the cartilage, can predict how tissue deterioration affects bone mechanics and patient outcomes. Due to advancements in computational power and imaging technology, in silico modeling has found widespread application in the field of orthopedics, specifically in knee joint biomechanics, including the modeling of knee joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). In silico modeling is a valuable tool for investigating the mechanical behavior of biological systems and exploring treatment options for various diseases. The main difficulty, however, is the lack of data regarding the mechanical behavior of tissues in certain diseases. The obtained results allow us to state that taking into account the non-linear properties of soft tissues is extremely important for assessing the stress state of the entire biological subsystem. The proposed modeling approach allows the adaptation of patient-specific data in order to predict the outcomes of tissue diseases. The results showed that as the stiffness of the cartilage increased the distribution of stresses in the bone became uneven and stress concentrators dispersed over articular surface, while in the case of mild cartilage no stress concentrators were expressed. The mechanical behavior of the model was represented by considering the hyperelastic properties of soft tissues, along with the verification of trabecular structure of bones, resulting in a more realistic mechanical depiction of the biological subsystem. To achieve this, a numerical model of the knee joint was developed and tested under different displacement values. ![]() The purpose of this study is to examine the stress alteration in bone based on mechanical properties of cartilage. The knee joint is a complex biomechanical subsystem, modeling of which can reveal a deeper understanding of the processes occurring within it.
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